Publicaciones
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Idioma: Inglés
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Between 2016 and 2018, we observe in Uruguay a steep decline of almost 20 percent in the number of total births, leading to the collapse of the adolescent fertility rate after decades of relative stagnation. We estimate the quantitative contribution on birth rates, especially teen births, of a policy of expanded availability of subdermal contraceptive implants. We exploit the expansion schedule of a large-scale policy of free-of-charge access to subdermal implants in the country's public health system through an event study to capture causal effects. We use detailed birth administrative records for the past 20 years. We document an average reduction of 3 percent in the birth rate in public health facilities across the two years after the policy was implemented in each department. These reductions were notably higher among teens and first births. Although changes in women's fertility decisions are a multicausal phenomenon, we claim that the expanded availability of subdermal contraceptive implants accounted for one-third of the teen and young women's birth collapse.
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We examine levels of enforcement of conditions for two transfer programs and estimate how they affect teenagers’ time allocation, and in particular, time devoted to school attendance, labor supply and home production. We develop a structural discrete choice model in which young individuals and their parents decide how to allocate their time, including whether to attend school. They also choose how many hours to work in the market, how much time to devote to home production and leisure activity. To estimate the model, we use household panel data which combines administrative records and surveys covering the period of 2005–2012 in Uruguay, during which two consecutive CCT programs were introduced with different designs. Our model captures the share of individuals who are in school, who are working, who are both studying and working, as well as those who neither study nor work; we also capture the share and number of hours devoted to market work and home production, and individuals’ GPA distribution. The policy experiments performed indicate that school attendance can be increased by raising the level of enforcement and by sending the cash transfer to the teenagers rather than to their parents.
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Idioma: Inglés
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Idioma: Inglés
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Fecha: 2020
This paper analyzes the channels of change of subjective well-being (SWB), and how are the effects of a social intermediation program. We develop a simple theoretical model to link SWB with the individual and reference wealth, the effort and the level of aspirations. After to overcome selection issues with an instrumental variable to identify causal effects, we find a negative impact on SWB being the main channel of this change is subjective relative wealth, i.e., the relation between the individual and the reference wealth. There is no effect through other theoretical channels, but the results on SWB are heterogeneous by psychological features; they are higher among those with low aspiration levels and external locus of control. Finally, we disentangle the main program characteristics that might generate this effect giving relevant information for the policymakers.
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Fecha: 2018
For some entities, the utility-maximizing evasion rate depends substantially on tax audit features, such as audit probabilities and penalty rates. Bergolo et al. (2017) document large misperceptions about these features. In this paper, we expand the analysis of survey data to explore potential sources of these misperceptions. Of all the channels that we explore, recent contact with audits best explains differences in misperceptions.
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Fecha: 2017
This paper analyzes the participation path of workers in the formal and informal sectors throughout their lives and their pension eligibilities, as well as how the social security scheme can change the aforementioned participation path. High levels of informality have impacts on the benefits that workers receive, especially their pension benefits. I use Argentinean panel data from 1995 to 2008 to construct a structural discrete choice model which estimates the population’s labor path and their pension eligibilities. I find evidence that low-educated workers have difficulties to obtain a pension by the age of 65 and even by age 70. Policy experiments show that if the parameters are fixed as in the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model, there is a slight reduction in the years worked in the formal sector and the percentage of workers who obtain a Full pension. If the pension requirements (minimum age and years contributing) are stricter, there is an increase in the years spent in the formal sector but it is not sufficient to achieve the benchmark level of pension coverage. If the requirements are looser, there is a reduction in the amount of time spent in formality to contribute up to the new threshold.
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Fecha: 2010
In this paper we define an informal worker as one who is not contribut- ing to the social security system. We analyze the likelihood of being an informal worker, and we estimate the differentials in earnings between sectors using the OLS estimation and a switching regression model.
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Fecha: 2010
El objetivo de este trabajo es observar los vínculos entre la pobreza monetaria, las privaciones vinculares, y el desarrollo de preferencias adaptativas. La población considerada es la usuaria de la red de refugios de Montevideo: se utilizan datos socio-económicos que surgen de una encuesta específicamente diseñada para este trabajo e información psicológica que se obtiene a partir de la aplicación del test de Rorschach.
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Fecha: 2007
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la estimación de los flujos económicos entre edades en Uruguay y en particular, analizar las transferencias entre edades. Los individuos consumen a lo largo de toda su vida pero sus ingresos se concentran en las edades medias. Esto hace que en un determinado período coexistan generaciones con ingresos laborales inferiores a su consumo (los dos extremos del ciclo de vida) con generaciones cuyo ingreso es superior al consumo. El déficit de los primeros se financia con ingresos de individuos en las edades medias y/o -en particular en las edades mayores- por flujos originados en la vida activa pasada.
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Fecha: 2007
En este trabajo se realiza el estudio de la estructu- ra tarifaria del sector eléctrico en el Uruguay del siglo XX. La definición de la categoría analítica Modelo de Estructura Tarifaria (MET), permite estudiar cómo las estructuras tarifarias se encuentran relacionadas con el rol asignado a las empresas públicas y con los objetivos más generales del modelo de desarrollo que esta en su base.
