Publicaciones
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Idioma: Inglés
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Fecha: 2020
The connection of innovation and exporting is of major interest to developing countries aiming to achieve higher growth and wellbeing. This study analyzes whether different types of innovation affect export behavior at the firm level for an unbalanced panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms. Logistic regression and matching with difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques are applied to data from 2003 to 2012. Unlike other studies, productivity-enhancing (or cost-reducing) innovation shows a stronger correlation with exporting than product innovation, indicating that price competition is more important than quality competition for Uruguayan products in foreign markets. Furthermore, using MDID we establish a direct causal link from innovation to exporting.
Año: 2020
In this work, we analyze the effect of export destinations on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of manufacturing Uruguayan firms for the period 1997-2006. We study two effects: self-selection and learning by exporting. There is evidence of self-selection with a stronger effect for firms exporting to developed countries. Nevertheless, applying transition groups methodology in order to mitigate endogeneity issues, there is no evidence that exporting to developed countries enhances productivity through learning by exporting. However, evidence of learning by exporting is found for those firms starting to export to less developed countries. These findings suggest an international strategy through which firms reach gains in productivity exporting to markets with lower entry cost, and once they have learned and improved their productivity, are in a better position to enter more developed countries.
http://ief.eco.unc.edu.ar/
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Fecha: 2016
This paper analyses the effects of increased competition resulting from the creation of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) on productivity, employment and wages for the Uruguayan manufacturing sector at the plant level.
We use impact evaluation techniques, namely regressions and matching and difference-in-differences estimation for the period 1988-1995.
One of the most robust findings is that increased trade liberalization seems to improve total factor productivity. Furthermore, we find reductions in employment driven mainly by the decrease in blue collars, increases in wages and a reduction in the wage gap between white and blue collars as a result of increased trade exposure. Thus, the increase in productivity along with the unemployment of unskilled workers would indicate a room for training, labour and social policies in order to countervail the negative impact of trade liberalization on less qualified workers.
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Fecha: 2016
In an increasingly globalized word, exporting plays a central role for economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly in small open economies..In this work we test the hypothesis that a rise in investment favors entrance in export markets and increases exports among previously exporting firms. We address causal links through impact evaluation techniques for observational data. We examine the binary case as well as continuous treatment analysis for investment as treatment. The analysis is conducted for a panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms for the period 1997-2008. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of our approach for a Latin American economy, and the relatively long time span of our data makes it possible a better characterization of new entrants and firms with changing export behavior. Also, our data appears to be richer, including information to estimate total factor productivity, and R&D and training investments, which provide better controls for confounding factors. We find evidence that investments "cause" exports and export orientation, which provides a rationale for carefully designing investment promotion policies rather than focusing on other export support policies.
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Fecha: 2016
In an increasingly globalised world, exporting plays a central role for economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly in small open economies. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a rise in investment favours entry into export markets and increases exports among firms that are already exporting. We address causal links through impact evaluation techniques for observational data. We examine the binary case and also continuous analysis of investment as treatment. We analyse a panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms in the period 1997–2008, and we find evidence that investments “cause” exports and export orientation, and this provides a rationale for carefully designing investment promotion policies rather than focusing on other export support policies.
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Fecha: 2014
This work seeks to identify causal effects of foreign ownership on productivity, the demand for skilled labour and wage inequality.
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Fecha: 2013
The analysis of the links between trade policy and labor market outcomes has developed in recent decades, prompt up by the concerns about the effects of the increasing globalization process in which trade plays a major role. In this work we analyze the impact of the increase in trade liberalization, as a consequence of Mercosur’s creation on employment, income and wage dispersion at the individual level. To this aim we use data from the Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) for the period 1988 and 1996 and apply impact evaluation techniques in order to isolate the effects of trade reforms from other policies at work during the period. One of the most robust findings that emerge using difference-in-difference regressions as well as double robust estimators and inverse probability weighting, is that in the period following Mercosur’s creation there was an increase in monthly earnings and hourly labor earnings as well as a significant increase in the probability of unemployment and increased wage dispersion.
Autor/es:
Peluffo, Adriana , Barboni, Juan ; Ferrari, Nicolas ; Melgarejo, HannaAño: 2013
Año: 2013
The analysis of the links between trade policy and labor market outcomes has developed in recent decades, prompt up by the concerns about the effects of the increasing globalization process in which trade plays a major role. In this work we analyze the impact of the increase in trade liberalization, as a consequence of Mercosur’s creation on employment, income and wage dispersion at the individual level.
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Fecha: 2013
En este trabajo se muestra como las políticas comerciales, aunadas a las políticas industriales pro-activas han permitido un importante crecimiento del sector automotriz en Uruguay.
